Puma Punka

Anyone heard of this place before?

http://hubpages.com/hub/Ancient-Mysteries-Puma-Punku-in-Tiahuanaco

YES!!

Fascinating stuff. Von Daniken talks about it at length in one of his books.

The precision of thecarved lines and the drilled holes cannot possible be done by man. It must have been done by a machine but the dates of the rock do not correlate to the quality of workmanship!

There is so much that we don't know or understand, but fascinating all the same.

The Nazca Lines

The Lines were allegedly made by removing the iron-oxide coated pebbles which cover the surface of the desert. When the gravel is removed, they contrast with the light color underneath. In this way the lines were drawn as furrows of a lighter color. Off the Pampa, south of the Nazca Lines, archaeologists have now uncovered the lost city of the line-builders, Cahuachi. It was built nearly 2,000 years ago and mysteriously abandoned 500 years later.


Discovering the Nazca Lines by Outsiders

The Nazca Lines were first spotted when commercial airlines began flying across the Peruvian desert in the 1920's. Passengers reported seeing 'primitive landing strips' on the ground below. Today people sometimes fly in hot air balloons to view the splendors of the Nazca Lines, their eneries awakening something within their souls.


Preserving the Nazca Lines

It is difficult to keep the Nazca Lines free from outside intervention. As with all ancient ruins, such as Machu Piccu, weather by wind and rain, and human tampering will take their toll on these ancient Lines.

In recent years the Nazca Lines have suffered gradual destruction, as tomb raiders seeking pre-Inca artifacts scar the terrain with hundreds of burrows, garbage, among other waste material. A boom in copper and gold mining - including a mine built in 1997 a few feet from a 2,000-year-old, two-mile-long trapezoid -- is defacing parts of the Nazca Lines with tracks from truck traffic.

Over the past decade, advertisers and political campaigns have carved huge messages in the rock and sand between the ancient designs in this region 250 miles south of Lima.

In 1998, floods and mudslides from the El Nino weather pattern seriously eroded several figures.

As electricity reaches the growing local population, utility companies are running power cables over and around the site.

The damage to the Lines underscores Peru's desperate struggle to preserve its national patrimony. Archaeologists say they are watching helplessly as the quest for scholarship and conservation in a country viewed as the cradle of New World civilization is losing out to commercial interests, bleak poverty and the growing popularity of heritage sites as tourist attractions.


Theories

Toribio Mejia Xespe, a Peruvian doctor and anthropologist was the first scientist, in 1927, to show interest in what he called "great Incan ceremonial artifacts".

Michael Coe believes the Nazca Lines are sacred paths to walk by specific rites. The primary lines were an offering for elders, heaven, and mountain deities who gave them water for their fields.

Erich von Daniken suggested, in his 1968 book, Chariots of the Gods, that the lines were built by ancient astronauts as a landing strip. But the soft clay soil and layer of brown and black rocks in the Nazca desert would seem an unsuitable site for landing and were blown away by the power of rocket propulsion. The aliens left - never to return - leaving the people confused. Like in the modern cargo cults they tried to call the Gods back by drawing lines, figures and trapezes.

Robin Edgar beieved that the Nazca Figures were inspired by, and intended to be seen by, the (so-called) Eye of God that is manifested during total solar eclipses. An extraordinary series of solar eclipses coincided with the construction of the Nasca lines. Some Lines are aligned with the winter solstice, a less spectacular but more regular, death and rebirth of the Sun God.

The Code of Carl Munck - The Ancient Geomatria of Numbers --The Nazca Line ground markings locate themselves on The Code Matrix system. Nazca Lines and Archaeocryptography The ancient sites around the world are very precisely positioned on a global coordinate system in relation to the position of the Great Pyramid at Giza. The positions of the sites are given in the geometry of their construction. A very ancient system of numbers was used in the system, which we will call Gematria. Gematrian numbers are found in ancient myths and religions, including the Bible. Gematrian numbers were used in systems of weights and measures by ancient peoples, including the Greeks, the Egyptians, the Persians, the Babylonians and the Romans. The Code system uses mathematical constants, such as pi and the radian. The system also uses conventions that are still in use, such as the 360 degree circle, 60 minute degree, 60 second minute, the base-ten numbering system, the 12-inch foot, and the 5280-foot mile.
The ancient Mayans used Gematrian numbers in their very accurate timekeeping.

Maria Reiche was a German mathematician and archaeologist who was famous for researching the Nazca Lines. She believed the lines were an Astronomical Calendar indicating the direction of the rising of important stars and planetary events like sun solstices. Formations like the spider and the monkey could show star constellations like Orion and Ursa Mayor. The problem with all astronomical theories is the unknowing of the age. The direction of stars changes within centuries, explained by the precession of the equinoxes.

Reiche led a determined effort to discredit theories of extraterrestrial visitors. She argued that the Nazca Indians constructed the Lines some time between 300 BC and AD 800. In support of this possibility, some scientists have put forward ingenious ideas on how the geoglyphs could theoretically have been designed from the ground. The more important evidence, however, is that which attempts to link the Lines definitively to the Nazcan culture. Here, neither of the two key pieces of evidence survive close scrutiny.

The first piece of evidence is a series of radiocarbon dates, based on ceramic and wood remains which were left at the Lines by the Nazca people. It is claimed that this proves that the Nazcans constructed the Lines. On the contrary, the dating of these materials tells us only that the Nazcans lived in the area of the Nazca Lines. Since the Lines themselves cannot be radiocarbon dated, the possibility remains that they already existed when the Nazcan culture emerged. The second piece of evidence is the alleged resemblance of the Nazca geoglyphs to certain features found on Nazca pottery. This is an important issue because it potentially offers proof that the Nazcans had either designed the images or at least viewed them from the air. Maria Reiche died in 1998 at the age of 95. She is buried in the arid valley she loved so well.

Professor Gerald Hawkins and his group went to Nazca to prove the astronomical Theory of Maria Reiche but was unsuccessful. In 1968, a study by the National Geographic Society determined that, while some of the Nazca lines did point to the positions of the Sun, Moon and certain stars two thousand years ago, it was no more than could be expected by mere chance. In 1973, Dr Gerald Hawkins studied 186 lines with a computer program and found that only 20 per cent had any astronomical orientation - again no more than by pure chance.

Simone Waisbard stated that the drawing of Nazca are a giant astronomical calendar. Further the Nazca-line-system was used to measure the precipitation value. Figures, especially seabirds, have a connection to the meteorological prophecy system of the Nazca-Culture. Her ideas for the trapezoid formations: places for holy animals before sacrifice them, or field claims connected with filter galleries, observatories or places for ritual ceremonies of the different clans.

Alan F. Alford concluded that the Nazca-Lines was made by Negroid Slaves of the Tihuanaco Culture. After a revolution the Negroid population destroyed some figure, this is the explanation for overdrawn zigzag-formations. Later this people went in northern direction and founded Chavin and the Olmec culture.

Robert Bast linked the lines to the Flood Stories in his book A Memory of the Deluge. The animal, plant and human-shaped figures are lying together on the ground as a memorial place of the big flood.

Gilbert de Jong wrote A Nazcan Zodiac. He traveled to Nazca and measured the GGF by GPS. He obtained a length of the square side of about 54,7 Meter. In the formation he recognized a Zodiac.

Markus Reindel's Dowsing Theory says that the Nazca Figures are markers for a subterranean waterflow. Trapezoides show the broadness of the waterstream, zigzaglines show where they end, lines show into direction of the puquitos. He explain the nature of the figures by rod-dowsing (to find the subterranean water) and shamanstic flights (to overview the figures).

Ellie's Theories

The Nazca lines seem to depict various kingdoms: Man, Aquatic, Avian, Beasts, among others that almost depict a blueprint of the journey on humanity in the alchemy of time. The major Nazca Lines follow the universal archetypes found throughout the world. I do not see them as a landing strip for returning space ships and creator gods, who have promised every civilization they will return, but never will.

As human consciousness is going through a process of evolution - the lines are one of many reminders and triggers of who we are and where we are going. Creation is part of a geometric blueprint that repeats in cycles of time created by the same consciousness. The key is scared geometry and understanding the holographic nature of our reality. The Nazca Lines will remain an enigma till the end of time along with other tangible objects placed here to awaken us.


The Lines were allegedly made by removing the iron-oxide coated pebbles
which cover the surface of the desert. When the gravel is removed, they
contrast with the light color underneath. In this way the lines were
drawn as furrows of a lighter color. Off the Pampa, south of the Nazca
Lines, archaeologists have now uncovered the lost city of the
line-builders, Cahuachi. It was built nearly 2,000 years ago and
mysteriously abandoned 500 years later.



Discovering the Nazca Lines by Outsiders

The Nazca Lines were first spotted when commercial airlines began flying
across the Peruvian desert in the 1920's. Passengers reported seeing
'primitive landing strips' on the ground below. Today people sometimes
fly in hot air balloons to view the splendors of the Nazca Lines, their
eneries awakening something within their souls.





Preserving the Nazca Lines

It is difficult to keep the Nazca Lines free from outside intervention.
As with all ancient ruins, such as Machu Piccu, weather by wind and
rain, and human tampering will take their toll on these ancient Lines.

In recent years the Nazca Lines have suffered gradual destruction, as
tomb raiders seeking pre-Inca artifacts scar the terrain with hundreds
of burrows, garbage, among other waste material. A boom in copper and
gold mining - including a mine built in 1997 a few feet from a
2,000-year-old, two-mile-long trapezoid -- is defacing parts of the
Nazca Lines with tracks from truck traffic.

Over the past decade, advertisers and political campaigns have carved
huge messages in the rock and sand between the ancient designs in this
region 250 miles south of Lima.

In 1998, floods and mudslides from the El Nino weather pattern
seriously eroded several figures.

As electricity reaches the growing local population, utility companies
are running power cables over and around the site.

The damage to the Lines underscores Peru's desperate struggle to
preserve its national patrimony. Archaeologists say they are watching
helplessly as the quest for scholarship and conservation in a country
viewed as the cradle of New World civilization is losing out to
commercial interests, bleak poverty and the growing popularity of
heritage sites as tourist attractions.





Theories

Toribio Mejia Xespe, a Peruvian doctor and anthropologist was the
first scientist, in 1927, to show interest in what he called "great
Incan ceremonial artifacts".

Michael Coe believes the Nazca Lines are sacred paths to walk by
specific rites. The primary lines were an offering for elders, heaven,
and mountain deities who gave them water for their fields.

Erich von
Daniken suggested, in his 1968 book, Chariots of the Gods,
that the lines were built by ancient astronauts as a landing strip. But
the soft clay soil and layer of brown and black rocks in the Nazca
desert would seem an unsuitable site for landing and were blown away by
the power of rocket propulsion. The aliens left - never to return -
leaving the people confused. Like in the modern cargo cults they tried
to call the Gods back by drawing lines, figures and trapezes.


Robin Edgar beieved that the Nazca Figures were inspired by, and
intended to be seen by, the (so-called) Eye of God that is
manifested during total solar eclipses. An
extraordinary series of solar eclipses coincided with the construction
of the Nasca lines. Some Lines are aligned with the winter solstice, a
less spectacular but more regular, death and rebirth of the Sun God.




The Code of Carl Munck - The Ancient Geomatria of Numbers --The
Nazca Line ground markings locate themselves on The Code Matrix system.
Nazca Lines and
Archaeocryptography The ancient sites around the world are very
precisely positioned on a global coordinate system in relation to the
position of the Great Pyramid at Giza. The positions of the sites are
given in the geometry of their construction. A very ancient system of
numbers was used in the system, which we will call Gematria. Gematrian
numbers are found in ancient myths and religions, including the Bible.
Gematrian numbers were used in systems of weights and measures by
ancient peoples, including the Greeks, the Egyptians, the Persians, the
Babylonians and the Romans. The Code system uses mathematical
constants, such as pi and the radian. The system also uses conventions
that are still in use, such as the 360 degree circle, 60 minute degree,
60 second minute, the base-ten numbering system, the 12-inch foot, and
the 5280-foot mile.
The ancient Mayans used Gematrian numbers in
their very accurate timekeeping.




Maria Reiche was
a German mathematician and archaeologist who was famous for researching
the Nazca Lines. She believed the lines were an Astronomical Calendar
indicating the direction of the rising of important stars and planetary
events like sun solstices. Formations like the spider and the monkey
could show star constellations like Orion and Ursa Mayor. The problem
with all astronomical theories is the unknowing of the age. The
direction of stars changes within centuries, explained by the precession of the
equinoxes.

Reiche led a determined effort to discredit theories of extraterrestrial
visitors. She argued that the Nazca Indians constructed the Lines some
time between 300 BC and AD 800. In support of this possibility, some
scientists have put forward ingenious ideas on how the geoglyphs could
theoretically have been designed from the ground. The more important
evidence, however, is that which attempts to link the Lines definitively
to the Nazcan culture. Here, neither of the two key pieces of evidence
survive close scrutiny.

The first piece of evidence is a series of radiocarbon dates, based on
ceramic and wood remains which were left at the Lines by the Nazca
people. It is claimed that this proves that the Nazcans constructed the
Lines. On the contrary, the dating of these materials tells us only that
the Nazcans lived in the area of the Nazca Lines. Since the Lines
themselves cannot be radiocarbon dated, the possibility remains that
they already existed when the Nazcan culture emerged. The second piece
of evidence is the alleged resemblance of the Nazca geoglyphs to certain
features found on Nazca pottery. This is an important issue because it
potentially offers proof that the Nazcans had either designed the images
or at least viewed them from the air. Maria Reiche died in 1998 at the
age of 95. She is buried in the arid valley she loved so well.

Professor Gerald
Hawkins and his group went to Nazca to prove the astronomical Theory
of Maria Reiche but was unsuccessful. In 1968, a study by the National
Geographic Society determined that, while some of the Nazca lines did
point to the positions of the Sun, Moon and certain stars two thousand
years ago, it was no more than could be expected by mere chance. In
1973, Dr Gerald Hawkins studied 186 lines with a computer program and
found that only 20 per cent had any astronomical orientation - again no
more than by pure chance.

Simone Waisbard stated that the drawing of Nazca are a giant
astronomical calendar. Further the Nazca-line-system was used to
measure the precipitation value. Figures, especially seabirds, have a
connection to the meteorological prophecy system of the Nazca-Culture.
Her ideas for the trapezoid formations: places for holy animals before
sacrifice them, or field claims connected with filter galleries,
observatories or places for ritual ceremonies of the different clans.


Alan F. Alford concluded that the Nazca-Lines was made by Negroid
Slaves of the Tihuanaco Culture. After a revolution the Negroid
population destroyed some figure, this is the explanation for overdrawn
zigzag-formations. Later this people went in northern direction and
founded Chavin and the Olmec
culture.

Robert Bast linked the lines to the Flood Stories in
his book A Memory of the Deluge. The animal, plant and
human-shaped figures are lying together on the ground as a memorial
place of the big flood.

Gilbert de Jong wrote A Nazcan Zodiac. He traveled to
Nazca and measured the GGF by GPS. He obtained a length of the square
side of about 54,7 Meter. In the formation he recognized a Zodiac.


Markus Reindel's Dowsing Theory says
that the Nazca Figures are markers for a subterranean waterflow.
Trapezoides show the broadness of the waterstream, zigzaglines show
where they end, lines show into direction of the puquitos. He explain
the nature of the figures by rod-dowsing (to find the subterranean
water) and shamanstic flights (to overview the figures).


Ellie's Theories

The Nazca lines seem to depict various kingdoms: Man, Aquatic, Avian,
Beasts, among others that almost depict a blueprint of the journey on
humanity in the alchemy of time. The major Nazca Lines follow the
universal archetypes
found throughout the world. I do not see them as a landing strip for
returning space ships and creator gods, who have promised every
civilization they will return, but never will.

As human consciousness is going through a process of evolution - the
lines are one of many reminders and triggers of who we are and where we
are going. Creation is part of a geometric blueprint that repeats in
cycles of time created by the same consciousness. The key is scared
geometry and understanding the holographic nature of our reality. The
Nazca Lines will remain an enigma till the end of time along with other
tangible objects placed here to awaken us.

 

Sorry the info above is so long, but it is worth a read when you have some spare time.

Amazing aren't they? I've seen loads of documentaries about the Nazca lines and they really are something else.

How the hell were they made with such accuracy? And as the animals can only be seen from the sky who the hell did they intend to see them?!

Some people think these lines were some sort of tribute to the Gods but this makes no sense to me. Why would the anicent Nazca draw pictures of animals instead of simply offering their God sacrifices?

IMO there can only be one logical answer. The lines must have been made as some attempt to communicate with craft they had seen flying overhead.

That'll take a bit of catching up on my part! Thanks guys, nice to find people as interested in this kind of crap as I am!

LP wrote: That'll take a bit of catching up on my part! Thanks guys, nice to find people as interested in this kind of crap as I am!

lol

I LOVE all this stuff! Have you heard of the Piri Reis maps?

I'll try and find the post I made about it on another forum and copy it over tomorrow

If you haven't read about them before prepare to be gobsmacked!

If you have time try and watch the documentary in this section called Chariots of the Gods. Really interesting stuff...